Opening of the 16th call of the JPIAMR network

Mon, 01/16/2023 - 15:00
Kod CSS i JS

The National Science Centre, together with the JPIAMR network, is launching a call for international research projects on antimicrobial resistance. Funding may be requested by international research consortia composed of at least 3 research teams from at least 3 different countries listed below, including at least 2 EU Member States or associated countries.

22 organisations from the following 18 countries will participate in the call: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Estonia, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Lithuania, Moldova, the Netherlands, Poland, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

The purpose of the call is to combine the resources, infrastructure and strengths of numerous countries to facilitate research projects fostering the development and enhancement of existing strategies, tools, technologies, and methods for diagnostics and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. The call for proposals is addressed in particular to the research teams applying the One Health approach.

Research projects covered may be planned for a period of either 24 or 36 months. Funds may be awarded to cover salaries for research team members, salaries and scholarships for students and/or PhD students, purchase or manufacturing of research equipment, devices and software and other costs crucial to the research project.

The principal investigator of the Polish research team must hold at least a PhD degree.

The estimated call budget is ca. 18.8 million EUR. Polish researchers conducting basic research under the call will be funded by the National Science Centre. The NCN Council has allocated 1 mln EUR for that purpose.

More information on the subject of the call and the call documents can be found on the network’s website.

Call timeline:

  • 1st stage : 7 March 2023 (2 p.m. CET) (submission deadline for pre- proposals)
  • 2nd stage: 4 July 2023 (submission deadline for full proposals)

Polish research teams must draft their NCN proposals for the Polish part of the project and submit them to NCN electronically, via the OSF electronic submission system, by 11 July 2023 (4 p.m. CEST).

A list of projects recommended for funding will be published in November 2023. The projects are scheduled to begin in January - March 2024.

Please use the Partner Search Tool to find project partners.

Researchers interested in taking part in the call may participate in our webinar on 24 January, between 12.00 and 1.30 p.m. CET. You can register to the webinar on Invajo.

 


Weave-UNISONO call for bilateral Polish-Czech projects: results

Fri, 01/13/2023 - 14:00
Kod CSS i JS

Thanks to a partnership between the NCN and the Czech Science Foundation (GAČR), six Polish research teams will soon be able to start on their research projects. They will receive nearly 7 million zlotys for their cooperation with Czech partners. Four projects address problems in physical sciences and engineering; two more belong to life sciences.

One of the winners in the former panel is Prof. Dr hab. Zbigniew Żytkiewicz from the Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, who will work on a project entitled “Heterostructures of ZnO/(AI,Ga)N Nanowires for Optoelectronics” in cooperation with a Czech partner, Dr hab. inż. Jan Grym from the Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The teams were awarded almost 1.2 million zlotys.

Prof. Dr hab. Tadeusz Domański from the Marie Curie Skłodowska University in Lublin, in partnership with Dr hab. Tomáš Novotný from the Charles University in Prague, will study superconducting nanohybrids out of equilibrium. The project will be carried out by a group of Polish centres, including the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (Faculty of Physics). The budget on the Polish side is close to 1.4 million zlotys.

Novel anti-Stokes lanthanide nanoparticles and multicolour FRET mechanisms for single-molecule DNA sequencing will be investigated by Prof. Dr hab. Artur Bednarkiewicz from the Włodzimierz Trzebiatowski Institute of Low Temperatures and Structural Research, PAS, in cooperation with Prof. Dr hab. Hans Gorris from the Masaryk University in Brno. The budget of the project approaches 1.6 million zlotys.

Nearly 400,000 zlotys will go to Prof. Dr hab. inż. Paweł Pohl from the Wrocław University of Technology for a project entitled “Versatile plasma sources and advanced approaches to signal evaluation as novel concepts in ultratrace element analysis by atomic spectrometry”, carried out in partnership with Dr Jan Kratzer from the Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences.

In the life sciences, a grant of more than 1.3 million zlotys will go to Dr Małgorzata Stanek from the Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences for a project focused on the impact of alien and native woody plants on vegetation and soil. On the Czech side, the project will be led by Dr Jan Pergl from the Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, in partnership with the Silesian University in Katowice on the Polish side. The other Polish-Czech project funded under this panel will address the role of tropomyosin isoform Tpm2.3 in the regulation of actin dynamics and osteosarcoma metastasis. The research will be conducted by Prof. Dr hab. Joanna Moraczewska from the Kazimierz Wielki University and Dr Petr Beneš from the Masaryk University in Brno. Their budget is c. 1.1 million zlotys.

Funding decisions for other proposals submitted to the Weave-UNISONO call in 2022 and evaluated by GAČR will be sent out at a later date.

Weave-UNISONO ranking lists

Weave-UNISONO

The Weave-UNISONO call is the result of multilateral cooperation between research-funding agencies in the Science Europe association. It aims to simplify submission and selection procedures for research proposals that bring together researchers from two or three different European countries in any discipline of science.

The selection process is based on the Lead Agency Procedure (LAP), under which only one partner institution is responsible for merit-based review and the others simply accept the result.

Under Weave, partner research teams apply in parallel to the lead agency and their relevant domestic institutions. Their joint proposal must include coherent research plans and clearly spell out the added value of international cooperation.

The Weave-UNISONO call accepts proposals on a rolling basis. Polish teams wishing to partner up with colleagues from Austria, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium-Flanders are encouraged to carefully read the call announcement and submit their funding proposals.

Webinar: International Project Funding. NCN’s and NCBR’s 2023 Call Portfolio

Fri, 01/13/2023 - 09:52
Kod CSS i JS

The Polish Science Contract Agency “PolSCA” of the Polish Academy of Sciences (“PolSCA PAN Office”) in Brussels and the National Science Centre are hosting a workshop on international calls for research projects carried out in multilateral collaboration, in particular the Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe Framework Programmes.

During the webinar, representatives of the NCN and NCBR will explain how to apply for research funding under multilateral programmes and will present the current call portfolio of the respective agencies for 2023.

The meeting will be held online, in English, on 27 January 2023, between 9 a.m. and 1:30 p.m..

The workshop is addressed to researchers and office administration staff of universities and research institutes.

More information, including the meeting agenda and registration form, can be found on the website of the PolSCA PAN Office.

Sustainable urban development in the European Arctic

Principal Investigator :
Dr hab. Michał Łuszczuk, prof. UMSC
Marie Curie Skłodowska University in Lublin

Panel: HS5

Funding scheme : BEETHOVEN CLASSIC
announced on 14 September 2018

The purpose of our project is to determine how to strengthen transnational cooperation between towns in remote regions and develop local participation mechanisms in order to better harmonise sustainable policies and practices in such locations.<

To this end, we have performed a comparative analysis of the decision-making processes at play in the area of sustainable development in seven towns of the European Arctic: Rovaniemi and Kolari (Finland), Tromsø (Norway), Kiruna and Luleå (Sweden), Akureyri (Iceland), and Nuuk (Greenland, Denmark). We have also looked at their sustainable urban development activities in the transnational dimension.

fot. Michał Łepecki, dr hab. Michał Łuszczuk, prof. UMCSfot. Michał Łepecki, dr hab. Michał Łuszczuk, prof. UMCS The project rests on the assumption that urban development in remote regions is shaped, to a varying degree, by local, regional and national politics, but also by international initiatives, such as the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development or the Paris Agreement signed within the framework of the UN Convention on Climate Change.

Based on the idea of interactive management, we have set out to test a hypothesis that urban development in the Arctic will be more sustainable if the positions of local stakeholders are reflected in the decision-making process and policies are aligned across the national and regional levels. On the other hand, the multilateral management approach will allow us to determine to what extent transnational cooperation has served as an effective instrument to support sustainable urban development in the towns in question. fot. Michał Łepecki, dr hab. Michał Łuszczuk, prof. UMCSfot. Michał Łepecki, dr hab. Michał Łuszczuk, prof. UMCS

Our research goes beyond the current state of knowledge in the field, since its main focus is on the obstacles and opportunities for the growth of local participation and greater transnational cooperation in remote regions, i.e. issues that are often given short shrift in mainstream research. Our project will help explain the differences in attitude between town authorities and residents and show how sustainable urban development can be more effectively aligned with local needs and policies, as well as global trends.

Our interdisciplinary team consists of the following researchers: Katarzyna Radzik-Maruszak and Michał Łuszczuk from the Marie Curie Skłodowska University in Lublin, Dorothea Wehrmann and Jacqueline Götze from the German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) in Bonn and Arne Riedel from the Ecologic Institute in Berlin.

Even though the project has encountered many challenges that have made fieldwork impossible (the COVID pandemic) and a complex international situation that has made online interviews difficult, our work has been progressing steadily and, more importantly, in a great atmosphere. The bulk of our data will come from interviews with local stakeholders, i.e. residents, entrepreneurs, civil society organisations, local authorities and administration officials in seven towns of the European Arctic.

Our project enjoys the support of our home institutions, but also European and American researchers, who have weighed in on our data and analyses. In May 2022, we managed to organise a research symposium in Bonn in order to discuss the preliminary results of our virtual fieldwork study. We continue to take active part in international conferences (especially those held online) and publish new data in academic papers. The final product of the project will be a monograph published by Routledge. This, however, is only the beginning and we are already planning for new projects.

Project title: Sustainable urban development in the European Arctic. Toward enhanced transnational cooperation in remote regions

Dr hab. Michał Łuszczuk, prof. UMSC

Kierownik - dodatkowe informacje

Michał Łuszczuk is a researcher focused on the international importance of polar regions and the history of polar research. He works at the Department of Social and Economic Geography and Spatial Planning of the Marie Curie Skłodowska University in Lublin. He is a member of many Polish and international organisations involved in polar research: the Committee on Polar Research at PAS, IASC, IASSA. He is passionate about developing new research ideas, starting interdisciplinary projects and supporting young researchers in their growth.

Dr hab. Michał Łuszczuk

Entangled histories of violence in the English- and French-language novel of the twenty-first century

Principal Investigator :
Prof. dr hab. Anna Branach-Kallas 
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń

Panel: HS2

Funding scheme : OPUS 17
announced on 15 March 2019

The centennial of the Great War has provided a pretext for the emergence of new forms of commemoration. One hundred years after its end, the First World War now attracts new interpretations with a profound ethical and affective potential. Former colonial empires, such as France and Great Britain, have finally paid tribute to the soldiers of colour recruited from Africa, Asia and the Caribbean, who were deliberately blotted out of Eurocentric archives in the aftermath of the hostilities. Importantly, in the years leading up to and during the centennial, many novels and short stories were published that depicted the war as experienced specifically by colonial troops and communities. These texts have yet to be critically studied. The purpose of the project is to collect, interpret and analyse selected works of literature devoted to the First World War, published in English and French in the 21st-century, which capture the perspective of colonial troops and/or delve into the interactions between the soldiers of European origin and those from the colonies. fot. Michał Łepecki, prof. dr hab. Anna Branach-Kallasfot. Michał Łepecki, prof. dr hab. Anna Branach-Kallas

The following research hypotheses will be tested: (1) the authors of the short stories and novels in question depict war trauma, which becomes an important point of reference for the identity processes underway in the 21st century; (2) the authors trace a line of continuity between WWI and previous and later outbreaks of violence; and (3) in their works, WWI serves as a catalyst for the struggle for national independence in various parts of the British and French empires. A number of questions arise: How do these authors depict the lived experience of the soldiers of colour during the war? By commemorating the events of a century ago, do they aim to call for forgiveness and forgetting or, on the contrary, protest against collective amnesia? How do they depict the issue of race and racism? What stance do they take vis-à-vis the legacy of colonial stereotypes? Can the memory of WWI be decolonized? And if so, how?

The corpus I have put together thus far consists of more than ten works published in France, Great Britain, the United States, Algeria, South Africa and Martinique around the centennial of the Great War. The most important among them are: Galadio (2010) by Didier Daeninckx, Le bataillon créole (guerre de 1914-1918) (2013) by Raphaël Confiant, A God in Every Stone (2014) by Kamila Shamsie, Dancing the Death Drill (2017) by Fred Khumalo, Frère d’âme (2018) by David Diop, and Afterlives (2020) by Abdulrazak Gurnah. fot. Michał Łepecki, prof. dr hab. Anna Branach-Kallasfot. Michał Łepecki, prof. dr hab. Anna Branach-Kallas

The methodology of the project combines postcolonial theory, memory and trauma studies, and political philosophy, as well as contemporary historical research into WWI. The interdisciplinary approach allows ample light to be shed on why and how the trauma of WWI has become an important point of reference for postcolonial identity in various cultural contexts.  The comparative perspective, in turn, helps unravel the tangle of similarities and differences between the traumatic war experiences lived by different ethnic and racial groups, as well as between earlier and later conflicts and their literary depictions.

The results of the project have thus far been presented at conferences in Great Britain, France, Spain and Poland, as well as published in Memory Studies, Journal of Commonwealth Literature, Journal of Postcolonial Writing, Journal of War and Culture Studies, Orbis Litterarum and other journals. A monograph is also underway.

Project title: Critical Mourning, Entangled Legacies of Violence, and Postcolonial Discontent in Selected 21st Century First World War Novels in English and French

Prof. dr hab. Anna Branach-Kallas 

Kierownik - dodatkowe informacje

Prof. Dr hab. Anna Branach-Kallas is a graduate of English and French Philology. Her research interests centre on postcolonial literature and theory, war trauma, political philosophy and memory studies. She has worked as a principal investigator under two NCN-funded projects and held scholarships awarded by the Stefan Batory Foundation in Oxford, FNP, NAWA and the International Council for Canadian Studies. She has completed a number of overseas research fellowships. Since 2019, she has served as the Board Chair of Literary Studies at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń.

prof. dr hab. Branach-Kallas

Uncovering critical structures in strong interactions

Principal Investigator :
Prof. dr hab. Marek Gaździcki
Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce

Panel: ST2

Funding scheme : MAESTRO 10
announced on 15 June 2018

Strong interactions are among the most important issues in contemporary physics. The strongest forces we know of to date, they occur between elementary particles such as quarks and gluons. In the world around us, quarks and gluons are normally trapped inside protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. fot. Michał Łepecki, prof. dr hab. Marek Gaździckifot. Michał Łepecki, prof. dr hab. Marek Gaździcki

It is commonly accepted, however, that at extremely high densities, much greater than those of atomic nuclei, matter can exist in a state known as quark-gluon plasma, in which quarks and gluons move around freely. Does plasma exist in nature? What are the features of the phase transition between low-density, strongly-interacting matter, where quarks and gluons are confined, and the state of quark-gluon plasma? Can the properties of strongly-interacting matter be studied in the lab?

The purpose of the project is to answer these questions by studying high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions in cooperation with an international research team, NA61/SHINE. The team performs its measurements with the aid of the NA61/SHINE detector of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva. The research project was started and is currently headed by Prof. Dr hab. Marek Gaździcki.

prof. dr hab. Marek Gaździcki przy pracyprof. dr hab. Marek Gaździcki przy pracy The project is divided into two parts:

1. Critical structures and protons. The analysis is focused on the production of protons in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions, based on unique data collected by the NA61/SHINE detector for different collision energies and mass numbers.

2. Critical structures and charms. This part is aimed at modernising the NA61/SHINE detector, by developing and constructing a new data collection system to record collisions at a much faster rate than before. Speeds of this magnitude are necessary if we want to measure rarely-produced particles that contain heavy charm quarks.

The first part of the project may directly allow us to discover the properties of transition between the confined state of quarks and gluons to the quark-gluon plasma. The second part paves the way for possible future discoveries, based on the systematic data on the production of charm quarks in collisions between heavy nuclei. The pioneering measurements carried out by NA61/SHINE will be later continued in two newly created labs: FAIR in Germany and J-PARC-HI in Japan.

Project title: Uncovering critical structures in strong interactions

Prof. dr hab. Marek Gaździcki

Kierownik - dodatkowe informacje

Professor Gaździcki earned his PhD and habilitation degrees at the Faculty of Physics of the University of Warsaw in the field of high-energy physics.

He has conducted research at the University of Warsaw, the United Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna, Heidelberg University, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva and the Goethe University in Frankfurt. He is currently a professor at the Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce.

His research interests centre on the physics of high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. He has participated in many international experimental programmes and published papers in methodology and theory.

Together with Mark Gorenstein (Kyiv), Professor Gaździski predicted the production threshold for the new state of matter, the quark-gluon plasma, in heavy nuclear collisions, which was later tested and confirmed in the NA49 experiment at CERN, carried out within the framework of a dedicated measurement programme devised by Professor Gaździcki and Peter Seyboth (Munich).

Professor Gaździcki has initiated and headed the NA61/SHINE experiment, which has been underway at CERN since 2008, to carry out measurements in the physics of strong interactions (in search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter) and the physics of neutrinos and cosmic radiation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marek_Gazdzicki

prof. dr hab. Marek Gaździcki

Coffee beans as an aid in the fight against diseases

Principal Investigator :
Dr inż. Joanna Grzelczyk
Łódź University of Technology

Panel: NZ9

Funding scheme : PRELUDIUM 15
announced on 15 March 2018

Multiple studies have demonstrated that roasted coffee seeds contain not only bioactive substances with an overall positive effect on health, but also potentially harmful compounds, such as 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and acrylamide (AM). On the other hand, the polyphenols found in coffee considerably limit the pathogenesis of many modern chronic lifestyle diseases. The main goal of the project was to assess the health-boosting properties of coffee ingredients on physico-chemical and cell line models; the purpose was to determine their physiologically achievable levels and impact on selected signalling pathways and, subsequently, identify the specific coffee extracts and fractions that show the greatest beneficial health effects when digested and absorbed in the gastrointestinal system.

dr inż. Joanna Grzelczyk przy pracy, fot. Michał Łepeckidr inż. Joanna Grzelczyk przy pracy, fot. Michał Łepecki In order to achieve that objective, we prepared green, light- and dark-roasted coffee seed extracts from the Arabica and Robusta species and isolated fractions containing different polyphenol groups, free or bound with Maillard reaction products (MRP), as well as selected low-molecular MRPs, including AM and 5-HMF. These extracts and fractions were then subjected to in vitro enzymatic digestion with or without selected strains of probiotic lactic acid bacteria. We measured the absorption of polyphenols from the extracts or fractions in question in a model system consisting of a single layer of enterocytes, followed by the molecular modelling of these compounds via docking and calorimetric simulations, using body enzymes and receptors. The results of the modelling experiments were compared with cellular model assessments in order to confirm the activation of selected metabolic pathways in a more complex biological system. We identified the extracts and fractions that showed the greatest beneficial effect on cells after digestion and absorption and determined their most beneficial physiological concentrations, corresponding to specific coffee intake levels.

dr inż. Joanna Grzelczyk przy pracy, fot. Michał Łepeckidr inż. Joanna Grzelczyk przy pracy, fot. Michał Łepecki The concentration of free polyphenols was observed to rise as they broke away from more complex structures, mainly in the large intestine, during the digestion of coffee extracts/fractions in the simulated GI tract. The presence of probiotic bacteria contributed to an increase in the levels of free polyphenols derived from chlorogenic acids, with high activity observed in the lower sections of the GI tract. Docking simulation studies of interactions and affinities with selected body enzymes and receptors showed that the latter created stable complexes with bioactive coffee compounds, with coffee ingredients competitively binding to enzyme/receptor active sites. When coffee extracts and fractions were digested in vitro, their affinity with enzymes/receptors, as analysed with the ITC method, increased in comparison with undigested material. This suggests that, when consumed, coffee extracts and fractions may effectively inhibit the activity of enzymes such as: acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, monoaminoxidase A, and topoisomerase II, or regulate the activity of the PPAR receptor. Among the samples studied in our in vitro research on cell lines, the highest bioactivity levels were observed for green coffee extracts, including chlorogenic acid fractions, which exhibited cytoprotective properties, protecting our model enterocytes (Caco-2 and HT29), nerve cells (SH-SY5Y), and pancreatic cells (MIN6) against the induced oxidative stress that contributes to carcinogenesis. They reduced the activity of cellular β-secretase, which may prevent the formation of β-amyloid plaque that damages nerve cells. Coffee ingredients were also observed to reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by differentiated adipocytes (3T3-L1) and stimulate GSIS, which may contribute to the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. At the same time, elevated coffee compound levels induced cell death via apoptosis, which confirmed their anti-cancer properties.

Project title: Identifying the beneficial anti-neurodegenerative, anti-diabetes and anti-cancer effects of coffee seeds depending on seed roasting degree, species and intake level

Dr inż. Joanna Grzelczyk

Kierownik - dodatkowe informacje

In 2021, she defended her PhD cum laude at the Institute of Food Technology and Analysis of the Łódź University of Technology. She is a winner of Preludium 15 and the Polmos Żyrardów competition for the best PhD dissertation. She has also won a distinction in the “Mam pomysł na startup” competition. In 2019, she completed a research fellowship at the McGill University in Montreal, Canada. She is the author of a number of papers in international journals and co-author of one patent and several patent applications. She works as an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Food Technology and Analysis of the Łódź University of Technology.

Łódź University of Technology

Power management in asymmetric B2B relationships

Principal Investigator :
Prof. dr hab. Maciej Mitręga
University of Economics in Katowice

Panel: HS4

Funding scheme : OPUS 13
announced on 15 March 2017

Qualitative research (case studies) and quantitative studies (surveys) have revealed the organisational and environmental factors that may have a strategic impact on power asymmetry between the two parties of a B2B relationship. Our research took the perspective of small and medium-sized enterprises working with large international entities and covered various sectors, characterised by different levels of internationalisation, including B2B transport providers, furniture manufacturers and material suppliers for national and international corporations. The international pandemic crisis that erupted during the project created an additional context for our conceptual and empirical investigations. fot. Michał Łepecki, prof. dr hab. Maciej Mitręga fot. Michał Łepecki, prof. dr hab. Maciej Mitręga

fot. Michał Łepecki, prof. dr hab. Maciej Mitręga fot. Michał Łepecki, prof. dr hab. Maciej Mitręga Our research suggests that SMEs can effectively boost their economic results in cooperation with larger strategic partners by relying on specific skills that can be developed in different management areas. On the one hand, as they enter into asymmetric power relations with large foreign buyers, SMEs should adapt to their requirements, because this is the only way to learn, i.e. shore up their skills and assets in the area of management and production technology. On the other, they should strive to strengthen their independent position within international supply chains, which requires the ability to diversify their buyer portfolio over time by actively searching for new partners and reassessing existing relationships. Our research suggests that this ability is severely limited in situations of market crisis, especially for service providers who have not yet built a recognisable brand. However, even then, their economic position vis-à-vis large players can still be enhanced via effective negotiation skills. Our research suggests that SMEs should develop different skillsets at different stages of their international market activities. Initially, their focus should be on meeting the requirements of strategic buyers; over time, however, they should move on to invest in their own brand and technology, which may gradually improve their position in international supply chains.

Project title: Power management in asymmetric B2B buyer-vendor relationships

Prof. dr hab. Maciej Mitręga

Kierownik - dodatkowe informacje

Professor Mitręga is a professor of social sciences, specialising in management and quality studies. He heads the Department of Organisational Relationship Management at the University of Economics in Katowice; he is also the Chair of the Scientific Committee of Management and Quality Studies. His research initially focused on marketing; today, he takes up a wide range of research problems related to contemporary organisational strategies adapted to dynamic network environments. He has published his findings and served as a guest editor in renowned international journals, such as Industrial Marketing Management, Journal of Business Research and International Marketing Review. He has also won a Marie Curie scholarship and served as an honorary member of the academic community at the University of Manchester.

fot. Michał Łepecki, prof. dr hab. Maciej Mitręga

Tiwanaku: using genetic methods to explore the origin, characteristics and population changes

Principal Investigator :
Dr Martyna Molak-Tomsia
Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Science

Panel: NZ8

Funding scheme : SONATA 8
announced on 15 September 2014

Funded by the National Science Centre under the SONATA 8 call, entitled “Tiwanaku: using genetic methods to explore the origin, characteristics and population changes of a pre-Columbian Lake Titicaca culture”, our project was carried out in 2015-2021 by a scientific consortium formed by the Museum and Institute of Zoology, PAS and the Department of History of the University of Warsaw. The project focused on the Tiwanaku Culture, which flourished in the Lake Titicaca basin in what is now Bolivia and Peru between the 5th and 11th centuries CE, ranking as one of the greatest pre-Incan civilisations of America. Unfortunately, because the culture did not develop writing and many centuries have passed since its disappearance, everything we know about the people who created it, their customs and beliefs, is based on what survives of Tiwanaku’s imposing buildings, ceramics and other artifacts, as well as on human and animal remains found at settlement sites. Even though we know quite a lot about the material culture of the Tiwanaku, information about their origin and diversity, as well as any population changes over time, is limited to guesswork, in accordance with the maxim that “pots are not people”, which highlights the fact that similarities and differences in material culture do not always go hand in hand with population stability or change. fot. Michał Łepecki, dr Martyna Molak-Tomsiafot. Michał Łepecki, dr Martyna Molak-Tomsia

The purpose of the project was to collect high-resolution genetic information from individuals whose remains were excavated at Tiwanaku sites. To this end, we employed state-of-the-art lab analysis and bioinformatic methods normally used for scarce and degraded DNA from skeleton fossils. This allowed us to obtain genomic information from 13 individuals from sites associated with the Tiwanaku culture, including eight from its political and ceremonial centre, four from a remote residential enclave and one from a Tiwanaku colony, as well as, for comparative purposes, four from the Coropuna region. Our research suggests that the inhabitants of the Lake Titicaca basin were a genetically homogeneous group that did not undergo any significant population changes. In contrast, the ceremonial centre of the Tiwanaku seems to have attracted newcomers from remote regions, in some cases from as far as the Amazon. In contrast to other hypotheses, put forward based on the sacrificial remains found at the ceremonial centre, these visitors did not come there on a pilgrimage, nor were they forcibly brought as war captives. They came there to settle, as evidenced by the presence of mixed-ancestry remains, i.e. the descendants of locals and newcomers. fot. Michał Łepecki, dr Martyna Molak-Tomsiafot. Michał Łepecki, dr Martyna Molak-Tomsia

However, human remains found on the Akapana ritual site, which date back to a later, final period, already show an entirely local genome, which suggests that the far-reaching influence of the Tiwanaku culture had waned in the run up to its ultimate disappearance. Research conducted within the framework of the project provides important insights into the organisation of complex primitive societies that formed out of scattered, independent settlements. While we may never know the processes that led to the formation of these complex societies in full, studying their earliest forms is one of the few ways we have at our disposal to better understand the very roots of civilisation.

Project title: Tiwanaku: using genetic methods to explore the origin, characteristics and population changes of a pre-Columbian Lake Titicaca culture

Dr Martyna Molak-Tomsia

Kierownik - dodatkowe informacje

Martyna Molak-Tomsia graduated from the Faculty of Biology of the University of Warsaw, and earned her PhD in biology at the University of Sydney in 2014. Between 2014 and 2019, she worked as an Assistant Professor at the Museum and Institute of Zoology, PAS; in 2019, she moved on to take on a similar role at the Centre for New Technologies of the University of Warsaw. She is a Board Member of the Polish Society for Human and Evolution Studies. She has co-authored more than 20 articles published in renowned international journals and won two scholarships from the Foundation for Polish Science. Her research centres on the structure and dynamics of ancient human populations based on genomic analysis, as well as past epidemics and molecular evolution mechanisms.

Dr Martyna Molak-Tomsia

Perception of the European bison and the primeval forest in the 18th and 19th centuries

Principal Investigator :
Dr hab. Tomasz Samojlik
The Mammal Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Panel: HS3

Funding scheme : DAINA 1
announced on 15 September 2017

Current debates on environmental protection and the treatment of high natural value forests in Europe often invoke the concept of a primeval forest. Different interpretations of this idea are frequently used to justify the intensive exploitation of areas that are not considered to be virgin, natural or primeval. Our contemporary idea of the primeval forest, however, is a product of several centuries of evolution, in which an important role was played by the interest taken by the European scientific and cultural community in the Białowieża Forest and the European bison in the 18th century. fot. Michał Łepecki, dr hab. Tomasz Samojlik fot. Michał Łepecki, dr hab. Tomasz Samojlik

The purpose of this international project (with principal investigators based in Poland and Lithuania, and contractors in France and Russia) was to chart the evolution of the idea of a primeval forest and trace the perception of the Białowieża Forest and the European bison in European culture and science in the 18th and 19th centuries. Archival and museum research, as well as literature surveys, carried out in Poland and beyond, allowed us to explore a variety of different sources (archival documents, research papers and popular science publications, hunting press releases, museum exhibits, publications, artworks).

The idea of a primeval or virgin forest dates back to a debate on the destruction of forests in the 18th century in France. At the beginning of the 19th century, the concept made it into the vocabulary of German Romanticism, which associated it with the roots of German exceptionalism. Concepts such as “primeval forest”, “virgin forest” and “natural forest”, however, long had no clear definition, let alone a designate. The designate only appeared later, following the “rediscovery” of Lithuanian forests, and especially the Białowieża Forest, at the end of the 18th century. Targeted at scientists and the general public alike, descriptions of the Białowieża Forest either directly or indirectly referred to it as “primeval”, although it was not usually taken to mean it was completely untouched by man. The perception of Białowieża also changed over time; first dominated by folk beliefs, it was later supplemented by the reports of travellers who had traversed the “Lithuanian forests” (a shorthand for forests that were wild, vast and, most importantly, not exploited by man), only to become the subject of scientific research in the strict sense at the turn of the 18th/19th centuries. fot. Michał Łepecki, dr hab. Tomasz Samojlik fot. Michał Łepecki, dr hab. Tomasz Samojlik

The Białowieża Forest largely owed its high-profile status to its last lowland population of the European bison. The recognition of the exceptional nature of this species was a complex process, which we traced on the basis of selected visual depictions created from the 16th to the end of the 19th century. The growing number of available illustrations of the European bison, the growth of our knowledge about the species and the wide distribution of bison exhibits in European museums all contributed to the success of the campaign to save this iconic species after its extinction in 1919.

Discussions about the primeval forest and the European bison also helped raise awareness of Polish and Lithuanian nature and culture in Western Europe. The debates were not limited to academic papers, but pervaded the culture at large, making appearances in literature, poetry, theatre, painting and later also in photography and film. The subject thus became an important element in the dissemination of natural knowledge among the general public throughout Europe.

Project title: Perception of the European bison and the primeval forest in the 18th and 19th centuries: the shared cultural and natural heritage of Poland and Lithuania

Dr hab. Tomasz Samojlik

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Dr hab. Tomasz Samojlik conducts interdisciplinary research in the field of natural history, focusing on historical changes in human interactions with the natural environment. He takes a particular interest in the human relationship with forests and wild animals, as well as the human role in the preservation and transformation of the Białowieża Forest. He has authored 60 books and popular science comic books that disseminate natural science and knowledge among children and young adults.

Dr hab. Tomasz Samojlik